![]() In 1971, the "New Chorégies" were started and became an overnight, international success. The festival, given the name Chorégies d'Orange in 1902, has been held annually ever since, and is now famous as an international opera festival. ![]() In 1869, the Roman theatre was restored and has been the site of a music festival. They cover the area between Orange, Nîmes, and Montélimar. The Musée (Museum) displays the biggest (7.56 x 5.90 m) cadastral Roman maps ever recovered, etched on marble. The arch, theatre, and surroundings were listed in 1981 by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The arch also contains an inscription dedicated to emperor Tiberius in AD 27, when it was reconstructed to celebrate the victories of Germanicus over the German tribes in Rhineland. The Triumphal Arch is of uncertain age, but current research accepts the inscription as evidence of a date during the reign of emperor Augustus. The town is renowned for its Roman architecture, and its Roman theatre of Orange, is described as the most impressive still existing in Europe. With 28,922 residents (as of 2018), Orange is the second-largest commune of Vaucluse by population after Avignon and just before Carpentras. Orange was also home to the French Foreign Legion's armored First Foreign Cavalry Regiment until 10 July, when the regiment officially moved to the Camp de Carpiagne in the 9th arrondissement of Marseille ( Massif des Calanques). Bompard left the FN in 2005 and became a member of the conservative Movement for France until 2010, when he founded the League of the South. Orange attracted international attention in 1995, when it elected a member of National Front (FN), Jacques Bompard, as its mayor. However, the title remained with the Dutch princes of Orange. Following the French Revolution in 1789, Orange was absorbed into the French département of Drôme, then Bouches-du-Rhône, then finally Vaucluse. The city was occupied by France in 1673, 1679, 1690, 16–1713 before it was finally ceded to France in 1713 under the Treaty of Utrecht. The city remained part of scattered Nassau holdings until it was repeatedly captured by the forces of Louis XIV during his wars of the late 17th century. Orange gave its name to other Dutch-influenced parts of the world, such as the Oranges ( West Orange, South Orange, East Orange, Orange) in New Jersey and the Orange Free State in South Africa. William, Prince of Orange, ruled England as William III. The United Provinces survived to become the Netherlands, which is still ruled by the House of Orange-Nassau. His son, Maurice of Nassau (Prince of Orange after his elder brother died in 1618), with the help of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, solidified the independence of the Dutch republic. William the Silent was assassinated in Delft in 1584. In 1568, the Eighty Years' War began with William as stadtholder leading the bid for independence from Spain. This pitched it into the Protestant side in the Wars of Religion, during which the town was badly damaged. When William the Silent, count of Nassau, with estates in the Netherlands, inherited the title Prince of Orange in 1544, the principality was incorporated into the holdings of what became the House of Orange-Nassau. During this period, the town and the principality of Orange belonged to the administration and province of Dauphiné.Īrtist's impression of 17th century city and its citadel, by G. From the 12th century, Orange was raised to a minor principality, the Principality of Orange, as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. The sovereign Carolingian counts of Orange had their origin in the eighth century they passed into the family of the lords of Baux. The Second Council of Orange was of importance in condemning what later came to be called Semipelagianism. It hosted two important synods, in 441 and 529. No longer a residential bishopric, Arausio, as it is called in Latin, is today listed by the Roman Catholic Church as a titular see. It had, by then, become largely Christianised, and from the end of the third century constituted the Ancient Diocese of Orange. The town prospered, but was sacked by the Visigoths in 412. "Orange of two thousand years ago was a miniature Rome, complete with many of the public buildings that would have been familiar to a citizen of the Roman Empire, except that the scale of the buildings had been reduced – a smaller theater to accommodate a smaller population, for example." It is found in both the Tabula Peutingeriana and Le cadastre d'Orange maps. It was the capital of a wide area of northern Provence, which was parcelled up into lots for the Roman colonists.
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